Speech of Advocacy Rhetorical Situation Proposal

The problem I want to address in the speech is that whether colleges put too much stock in standardized test scores. It’s an actual exgience because colleges are currently relying a lot on standardized test scores as a base for their applications. 2. The teenage community is the most directly affected by the exigence. 3. Most people do seem to generally agree that the exigence exists because the people all have been attempting to get into colleges and have gone through the pressure placed on standardized test scores. 4.The values threatened by the existence of the exigence is the actual performance of students in general, not just under pressure and relying on one test score. Role of the Speaker 5. This exigence interests me because from young, I’ve always had to study and prepare for standardized tests. In China, tests represent whether we get into a good middle school, a good high school, and a good college. We can be the best in our class, but without scoring high on the placement tests, we’ll never get into a good school. The same was here, in high school, junior year was all about testing and studying for the ACTs or the SATs.There was too much pressure placed on just the standardized tests. 6. My relationship to the community was not affected because I am a teen and I have gone through all these placement tests. Role of the Audience 7. I believe all my audience has had exposure to exigence, they’ve all experienced the pressures of tests during their high school years because we’re all here today because of in part to standardized test scores. 8. Their relationship to the community is still not affected because we’re all teens who have taken these tests. 9.I believe they’ll agree with my perception because they’ve all been through the pressures of the standardized tests, and whether they scored good or bad, I believe they’ll all agree that standardized test scores are being placed too high in a pplication standards. 10. There is really nothing we can to minimized the exigence except to protest to the government and ask colleges to change the way the application process is. Speech 11. I’ll use a causal order for my speech, because then I can hit the cause and effect of each of my points as I talk about them. 12.The main points in my speech will be to talk about the pressures of the tests on the students, the high placement the colleges place on the tests, and how students who are straight A students may have just done bad on the tests, and how the tests also places pressure on the students own academic work. 13. It’ll be most effective for my audience to just agree with my position because there’s really not much that can be done in terms of actions for the topic. 14. I will ask them to agree that this exigence exists and that we’ve all be affected by it. 15. My goal is not to advocate action but to advocate agreement.

Reflection Report And Learning From An Experience Education Essay

The contemplation study is a signifier of thought, how to analyse based on cognition and feeling. As a director ego analyze to believe about failing and strengths. In this study, it is need to concentrate on communicating accomplishments, clip direction, range direction, hazard direction, analysis, self motive and direction ( self judgement, self rating, self reaction, and self satisfaction ) , job resolution, squad effectivity and undertaking planning. The chief aims of this study are needed to discourse and concentrate on following component: Life long larning after this thesis class experience Experience and Importance of group work and relationship with squad members Importance to maintain day-to-day dairy for long tally undertakings such as thesiss, research work studies or any long proficient undertakings. Contemplation is a series of measure to observe down for future mention and aid Importance of analysis and research we did for our project- processing of running undertaking Quality of work related to topic Tutor and group members suggestion and advises so note down in contemplation dairy Basically brooding cognition is a method to analyze him/her ego internally and profoundly and happening out the issue of jitteriness, settle down by the experience which creates the significance of ego. And learns from the same repetition experience and changed him/her ego efficaciously by the consequence of experiences. Reflection pattern is the signifier of ego consciousness and ego assessment and describes the consequence and results of individual ‘s actions.Remembrance of Experiences ( Weekly Detailed Dairy )WeekDateActivity01 14 -06-2010 First hebdomad, we attended the debut session of AMP Module given by Vincent Ong, and larn how to compose a study and how to follow the format etc from supportive coach. After that Academic Liaison Librarian has give the elaborate information about manner to set the referencing in our study and module enchiridion of AMP was provided to all of us. Following twenty-four hours activity was about the plagiarism and turnitinUK. JBK explained us sing rephrasing and characteristic of turnitinUK. They besides helped us in hunt of related articles from digital library. First clip, I have learnt that how to set cardinal words in progress hunt and acquire the diaries and articles called rational research to individuality and back up our work. Rob explained us about the contemplation study and how it is relevant with our study and what makes a good contemplation study and what should be the construction of study. After that we have collected enchiridion of AMP subject. During this hebdomad we have formed a group of 10 members as we all antecedently worked together so we knew each other. One thing in our favour that working with known group members will cut down clip taken to get down acting and apprehension of each frame of work. Get downing of this hebdomad we all felt excited and optimistic. As we received information about work we became more discerning, baffled and unsure and our subject besides made us really unsure and dying. But after two yearss encephalon ramping with group members and elaborate treatment with coach reassured us, and gave us elucidation and showed right way. In general we learnt that broad scope of resources and diaries are available in our library ; it was analyzed that without the coach counsel may be we would be on the incorrect way. We besides understand the importance of citing. How to comparing and contrasting the stuff from different writers and importance of sharing thoughts every bit good as we understand the importance of secondary research. Learned about the importance of the clip direction in undertaking and proper referencing ; may be some job will be encountered during the undertaking like in personal planning and in pull offing a group. Learning solution in this hebdomad would be like how to happen relevant information more efficaciously and learned the demand to keep records about day-to-day activities of advancement. 02 21-06-2010.This hebdomad, I have read the enchiridions and all stuff given by coach. Two articles in enchiridion are really much helpful for understanding the subject. Today we start our undertaking ; we did research and found 5-6 articles about mark market choice and difference between B2B and B2C patterns. Confronting much trouble in research about the relevant subject because our subject is much slippery and confounding. After two twenty-four hours fighting and with different cardinal words as suggested by coach, we came at one point of start. Need to understand the synthesis Main Report like how to pull grounds and evaluate and present our ain ideas in Report. It was advised that the chief study should be synthesis instead than descriptive. A batch of hurdlings came while seeking the subjects. To twenty-four hours I got some utile articles and after reading got some utile points of my demands. This hebdomad we had a meeting on Friday to work out the issues sing the apprehension of subjects and their cardinal dictions for hunt. 03 28-06-2010 This hebdomad, experiencing much trouble while reading, reexamining and comparing the articles of different writers and different sides sing my subject and cardinal words. Before start composing the literature reappraisal, I must necessitate to understand and analyze the Harvard System for proper referencing. So Google it and happen and understand the many ways of seting citing for article, diaries and books such as articles with losing day of the month, losing writer ‘s name, with more than one or two writer ‘s work etc. Today, I started my work on thesis and I made a booklet of my all downloaded article and took the print and read two of them so do the synthesize point from them I have been started my work from literature reappraisal which is the chief organic structure of the study in which we needs to set our ability to bring forth a quality of work at that place. I had written my synthesis point from two articles. This hebdomad we had a 2nd meeting on Friday to work out the issues sing the apprehension of subjects and portion some thoughts every bit good as searched article with each other besides our undertaking director direct us some utile subject related to ask foring stamp of technological solutions. I have decided to split my work chapter wise as guided us by our AMP faculty Coordinator. So we come the point that work should be start from literature reappraisal subdivision. 04 05-07-2010 Today I got my consequence ; I had passed my in all faculties. Thankss to Almighty GOD. Today I besides review the one more article which is presented in an international conference sing issues related to ICT facing by SMEs companies. So extract some chief point from this article and note down. In our meeting we discussed about the difference between E-business and E-commence, it found about a elaborate reading that e-commence is linked to the B2B and e-business is linked with B2C. Furthermore from surveies one thing come out that is digital-related merchandises and digital-unrelated merchandise. Our undertaking squad leader explained and clearly differentiated that digitally related merchandise i.e. package applications, nomadic phones, digital cameras were more suited for e-commerce, and more easy sold over the cyberspace unlike digitally unrelated merchandises like furniture where consumers must desire examine physically before a purchase is made. We besides discussed and studied further on the cardinal issues and consideration sing the stamp invitation for website development solution. 05 12-07-2010 In literature reappraisal, comparing of all research workers and writers work relevant to topic is really much hard and different nature of work for me. It is noticed that all research worker concentrating the similar issue that impacting the operation while company is traveling to B2C market and suggests the same demand and cardinal consideration. As I am holding the first experience at this degree of literature reappraisal and work but it is much interested and knowing attempt for me. It is really easy to deviate from the original subject during the literature reexamining procedure. Felt much trouble like recreation from my original subject in this portion of work. May God assist me to make this in good and best ways related to demand topic demand. 06 19-07-2010 This hebdomad I was non able to work on my study due to my some personal battle and some household issues so I was out of station. 07 26-07-2010 This hebdomad, I started to understand and revise some articles and paperss on tendering. As I need to understand that how to ask for the stamp for technological and package solutions. Issues come up while composing on ask foring stamps for technological solution. Because invitation of stamps for proficient and non proficient solution are much confusing and related work. But feel similar interesting as I am holding the new expertness and expertness in this new country of tendering. I do n't hold any experience of reading such type of paperss. As I was stuck on the measure of ask foring stamp so today I consulted with the squad leader of our group so she assist me out in apprehension of this specific point that what are the cardinal demand for ask foring the stamps as I was believing on the format like that sing tendering but she solved my issue and sent some articles for literature reappraisal related to this. She is really much assisting individual and nice lady and she should be a good squad leader in future. 08 02-08-2010 Confusion- authorship on invite stamp for web development that whether it should b E-tendering or normal traditional manner. Another issue that I was confronting that in most of tendering article there is no proper writer or research worker name. Largely the company and organisational name are mentioned while ask foring stamp for the technological or package solutions. Got some article and diary on tendering and outsourcing the IT related work and technological solution. This hebdomad I have made my concluding agenda and split the yearss till concluding reappraisal of study and how to shut my work within the month of August. Understand and learnt about the usage of indexing in tabular array of contents in MSWord ; how to utilize the proper referencing. 09 09-08-2010 This hebdomad I met with my one of the group member in LRC and discussed about the e-book umpirage and how many mentions we can utilize and whether largely should be diary ‘s articles and could be from any where else? So she suggested that we should e-mail to Peter Godwin every bit good as we get some information from LR usher or mentioning within digital library. After that we discussed about recommendations on subject. Should we necessitate to propose or set some recommendation related to our sort of work? This hebdomad, I got some good article but this is my targeted hebdomad in my clip tabular array to complete all the literature reappraisal and authorship. And should be focus and emphasized on the synthesis, analysis and comparing of the study in last 3 hebdomad. This hebdomad, I need to scale down and windup my all reappraisal work. Today is the terminal of this hebdomad and I have closed my literature reappraisal authorship and my following phase is to syntheses the study and exacts the cardinal point for analysis and treatment. 10 16-08-2010 Today I have started my work on reappraisal of my work with elaborate and syntheses point of position. Feel some ambiguity sing mentions in analysis and discuss phase that whether we need to set the Harvard mention within the analysis and treatment part like we did in literature reappraisal or non? To decide this issue I put an electronic mail to our squad member and waiting of there answer. 11 23-08-2010 This hebdomad is really much tough and important as I wholly put my attempt on the alteration and focal point on my whole work and equilibrate the study in a proper flow and come out with corrected some errors After that I can break concentrate working on the decision and recommendation of the subject. Today terminal of this hebdomad, I wrote down my decision and recommendation. 12 30-08-2010 Working on contemplation analysis study and syntheses my all work into concluding version. Recompiled day-to-day dairy log of my all 3 month plantsPersonal feelings and larning from the experienceResearch work is truly really much interesting but clip consuming. I spend my neat hours and hours on this study and this work should be helpful and really much supportive for my future work and acquisition at this degree and above this. Meetings and regular Google talk and email exchange about AMP study work, experiences and treatment with group members. Some major troubles were come in forepart while reexamining the literature like comparing of all research workers and writers work sing my subject. As it is noticed that all research worker concentrating the similar issue that impacting the operation while traveling to B2C market and suggests the same demand and cardinal consideration for outsourcing procedures. As I was holding the first clip experience at this degree of literature reappraisal and work but it was much interested and knowing attempt for me. I enjoy a batch with m y work and experience much happy at this phase and got much knowledge from last three month attempts. That how to do the comparing of other writers work and note down in ain my dictions. It was really easy to deviate from the original path during literature reexamining stage every bit good as in composing the study procedure. My God assist me out to make this thing in good and best ways that I was linked to my subject. Issue sing literature reappraisal and other relevant work are resolved really swimmingly with the aid of all my group members ‘ corporate engagement and attempts. We had arranged the meetings until all the members are cleared and much satisfied with the apprehension of subject and informations aggregation as we had three hebdomadal groups run intoing with squad leader after the AMP hebdomad. My squad was really much generous with the committedness and clip promptness. My part was besides singular every bit good and I was linked with my group members all the clip 24/7 through electronic mail, facebook and Mobile. And I was much satisfied with my work and with group members ‘ response.Group Dynamics and Learning from the experienceHere I must advert one thing that my current AMP group members are non fresh new members. We were holding same group in all our old class work. So we were much comfy with each other and knew each other frame of head and algorithm of work. And we understand the group kineticss and duties. As a whole I did n't experience any job in my work with my members. Since I was linked with my group members all the clip 24/7 through electronic mail, nomadic and all the group members were much satisfied with my part and with my speedy response on any issue related to our work. I fulfill my all duties that were given by our squad leader. Out supervisor consultancy was really much helpful for us sing the understanding the existent subject and how to seek the relevant stuff from digital library. He did really flat best to work out our issues. I learnt that the group work is really much effectual and helpful for this type of large undertakings as the work is distributed and every member come up with good and di fferent thoughts and cognition. And the undertaking will run into the deadlines really swimmingly.Lessons for the hereafter UndertakingsThe lesson learned dairy was kept in order to convey all the lessons together that we learnt during the thesis work, which would be the guideline for other future undertakings. The hebdomadal journal was updated whenever I have learned some thing new during the undertaking whether it was positive or negative lesson. From experience with the proper direction of work start to stop and all the group members cooperation ; many positive and good lessons was learned for future undertakings. Such as hebdomadal meetings, clip direction and good communicating with members will force up our advancement. With a good clip direction, now we have a batch of clip for quality reappraisal and rectification before the deadline. I learnt really much from group work experience as it will assist me out in increasing good direction accomplishment and to accomplish the aims harmonizing to prefix quality criterions within the clip constrains through the planning and good control particularly at initial phase. Daily log helped me out to program and schedule the hebdomadal undertakings and overall advancement of my work. Following are the cardinal lessons I have learned for future undertaking as a group. Good apprehension and friendly work environment. meetings with group members and hebdomadal dairy and should be maintained Time direction and planning Good communicating and updates sharing.DecisionThe undertaking was managed really calmly and swimmingly with aid of supervisors ‘ guidelines from the first phase and good squad ‘s effectual communicating via ( electronic mail, phone and hebdomadal meetings ) motive, be aftering and clip direction, hazard direction and most of import is self direction and motive. Each squad members was really much delegated, punctual and showed their duty. The tool of hebdomadal dairy helped me out to aline and supervise my each phase and there aims. We received the feedback and do the updates with hebdomadal group meeting at the start. However, with good clip direction and apprehension of work, our group members met the deadlines but we faced few issues and hurdlings sing understand of subject and hunt of relevant stuff like e-article, e-journal and books. But with effectual communicating between all members via meetings, electronic mail, phone all the hazards and issues will be overcomes with the clip existences. Finally, my undertaking was successfully finished with the clemency of Almighty God and the equal part of all squad members at there degree best and my female parents ‘ supplication was with me all the clip. At the terminal, I believed that good direction accomplishment and supportive undertaking leader every bit good as adequate support from the supervisor in AMP Week were the grounds for no major issues, hurdlings, and divergences from the path. As good direction and clear communicating helped out greatly to avoid the likely issues and struggles as every squad members were cognizant of their ain deadlines and their ain duty. I must appreciate this new method of ego recording of our day-to-day work for such type of long undertaking which kept us on right way and lesson for clip direction and contemplation of our work for future chances. I am much satisfied with my work at this phase and learnt a batch for future things as this whole experience of UK alterations my life style a nd it was the womb-to-tomb acquisition for me.

Arithmetic Mean and Five-step P-value Approach

A manufacturer of chocolate candies uses machines to package candies as they move along a filling line. Although the packages are labeled as 8 ounces, the company wants the packages to contain a mean of 8. 17 ounces so that virtually none of the packages contain less than 8 ounces. A sample of 50 packages is selected periodically, and the packaging process is stopped if there is evidence that the mean amount packaged is different from 8. 17 ounces. Suppose that in a particular of 50 packages, the mean amount dispensed is 8. 159 ounces, with a sample standard deviation of 0. 051 A. Is there evidence that the population mean amount is different from 8. 17 ounces? (Use a 0. 05 level of significance. ) B. Determine the p-value and interpret its meaning. 9. 27 In New York State, savings banks are permitted to sell a form of life insurance called savings bank life insurance (SLBI). The approval process consists of underwriting, which includes a review of the application, a medical information bureau check, possible requests for additional medical information and medical exams, and a policy complication stage in which the policy pages are generated and sent to the bank for delivery. The ability to deliver approved policies to customers in a timely manner is critical to the profitability of this service. During a period of one month, a random sample of 27 approved policies is selected, and the total processing time, in days, is recorded (and stored in insurance): 73 19 16 28 31 56 45 17 22 18 91 92 50 51 69 A. In the past, the mean processing time was 45 days. At the 0. 05 level of significance, is there evidence that the mean processing time had changed from 45 days? B. What assumption about the population distribution is needed in order to conduct the t test in (a)? C. Construct a boxplot or a normal probability plot to evaluate the assumption made in (b). D. Do you think that the assumption needed in order to conduct the t test in (a) is valid? Explain. 93. 1 One operation of a steel mill is to cut pieces of steel into parts that are used in the same frame for front seats in an automobile. The steel is cut with a diamond saw and requires the resulting parts must be cut within Ð’Â ± 0. 005 inch of the length specified by the automobile company. The file Steel contains a sample of 100 steel parts. The measurement reported is the difference, in inches, between the actual length of the teel part, as measured by a laser measurement device, and the specified length of the steel part. For example, a value of -0. 002 represents a steel part that is 0. 002 inch shorter than the specified length. A. At the 0. 05 level of significance, is there evidence that the mean difference is not equal to 0. 0 inches? B. Construct a 95% confidence interval estimate of the population mean, Interpret this interval. C. Compare the conclusions reached in (a) and (b). D. Because n= 100, do you have to be concerned about the normally assumption needed for the t test and t interval? 9. 45 In recent year, the Federal Communications Commission reported that the mean wait for repairs for ATT customers was 25. 3 hours. In an effort to improve this service, suppose that a new repair service process was developed. This new process, used for a sample of 100 repairs, resulted in a sample mean of 22. 3 hours and a sample standard deviation of 8. 3 hours. A. Is there evidence that the population mean amount is less than 25. 3 hours? (Use a 0. 05 level of significance. ) B. Determine the p- value and interpret its meaning. 9. 47 You are the manager ot a restaurant that delivers pizza to college dormitory rooms. You have Just changed your delivery process in an effort to reduce the mean time between the order and completion of delivery from the current 25 minutes. A sample mean of 22. 4 minutes and a sample standard deviation of 6 minutes. A. Using the six- step critical value approach, at the 0. 05 level of significance, is there evidence that the population mean delivery time value of 25 minutes? B. At the 0. 05 level of significance, use the five-step p-value approach? C. Interpret the meaning of the p- value in (b). D. Compare your conclusions in (a) and (b). 9. 53 The U. S. Department of Education reports that 46% of full-time college students are employed while attending college (data extracted from The Condition of Education 2009, National Center for Education Statistics, nces. ed. gov). A recent survey of 60 full-time students at Miami University found that 29 were employed. A. Use the five- step p-value approach to hypothesis testing and a 0. 05 level of significance to determine whether the proportion of full-time students at Miami University is different that the national norm of 0. 6. B. Assume that the study found that 36 of the 60 full-time students were employed and repeat (a). Are the conclusions the same? 9. 55 One of the issues facing organizations is increasing diversity throughout the organization. One of the ways to evaluate an organizations success at increasing diversity is to compare the percentage of employees in the organization in a particular position with a specific background to the percentage in a position with that specific background in the general workforce. Recently, a large academic medical center determined that 9 of 17 employees in a particular position were female, whereas 55% of the employees for this position in the general workforce were female. At the 0. 05 level of significance, is there evidence that the proportion of females in this position at this medical center is different from what would be expected in the general workforce? 9. 57 One of the biggest issues facing e-retailers is the ability to reduce the proportion of customers who cancel their transaction after they have selected their products. It has been estimated that about half of prospective customers cancel their transactions after they have selected their products (data extracted from B. Tedeschi, E- Commerce, a Cure for Abandoned Shopping Carts: A Web Checkout System That Eliminates the Need for Multiple Screens, The New York Times, February 14, 2005, p. C3). Suppose that a company changed its Web site so that customers could use a single page checkout process rather than multiple pages. A sample of 500 customers who had selected their products were provided with the new checkout system.

Early Colonization and Development of Rhode Island Research Paper

Early Colonization and Development of Rhode Island - Research Paper Example In the eighteenth century their dedication to individualism underscored Rhode Islanders taking to business with its inherent risks. Due to the poverty of the land resources trade was practised. The Rhode Islanders were not happy serving under British policies, and became revolutionaries which resulted in the founding of a new nation. Rhode Islanders now come from various ethnic backgrounds. The new questions to be addressed relate to the rights of minorities, and the need for securing individual liberty and economic opportunity (McLoughlin, 1986). The Economy of Rhode Island The conventional manufacturing economy of Rhode Island has diversified to services, retail and wholesale trade, and finance. Despite this shift, several products such as jewellery, silverware, textiles, primary and fabricated metals, machinery and other items for which Rhode Island is well known, still continue to be manufactured. Additionally, tourism and gambling are important to the state’s economy (War ner 41). Most farmland is utilized for dairies and poultry farms, agriculture being unimportant to the economy. Commercial fishing is a declining industry, and naval facilities at Newport contribute to the state’s income (The Columbia Encyclopedia 41148). The Demographic Makeup of the State According to the Census 2010, Rhode Island had a population of 1,052,567 people showing an increase of 0.4% over one decade (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). The race and ethnic origin demographics for Rhode Island in 2010 are as follows: Whites form the largest section at 8,856,859. The next largest group of 60,189 is formed by Black or African American, the size being equal to that of ‘some other race alone’. Almost half the number form ‘two or more races’ and Asian alone. There...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   According to the Census 2010, Rhode Island had a population of 1,052,567 people showing an increase of 0.4% over one decade (U.S. Census Bureau, 2010). The race and ethnic origin demographics for Rhode Island in 2010 are as follows: Whites form the largest section at 8,856,859. The next largest group of 60,189 is formed by Black or African American, the size being equal to that of ‘some other race alone’. Almost half the number form ‘two or more races’ and Asian alone. There are only 6,058 American Indians or Alaska native, and 554 people constitute the group Native Hawaaiian and other Pacific islanders (Census Statistics, 2010). Political Characteristics of the Constituency and Leading Industries  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Rhode Island’s present constitution was adopted in 1842 and has been often amended† (The Columbia Encyclopedia 41148). A governor heads the state’s executive branch, who is elected for a four-year term and is eligible for re-election. Elected for two-year terms are the bicameral legislature with a senate of fifty members and a house of seventy-five. Local government functions at the city level, while Rhode Island’s counties have no political roles. The state sends two senators and two representatives to the U.S. Congress, and has four electoral votes. Though Rhode Island is mostly Democratic, various Republican governors have been elected from 1994 till the present. Rhode Island’s political and economic life was dominated by mill owners. The small mill towns with their great numbers of foreign-born residents.

The Zodiac Killer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Zodiac Killer - Essay Example Additionally, he single-mindedly killed the college students without any theft intentions. The belongings of the teens were found intact when they were discovered dead by a passing motorist, Burges. The Zodiac was courageous enough to send vulgar insults to the police after he carried out his unscrupulous missions. He employed weird ciphers and made phone calls, yet no police unit could efficaciously track him down. The killer was techno-savvy, and he understood the operation of hi-tech systems of technology. This enabled hi evade the police and any investigative authority. According to Menny, the Zodiac killer is alive to date aged 91 years (Menny23). The young couple was from a concert before the incident happened. The first article ‘Friends Quizzed in Slaying of Teen Pair near Vallejo’ has a related version of the zodiac killer to the second article ‘Police Seeking Teens’ Slayer’. Even so, there are slight differences subject to the different investigators of the incident. Menny asserts that the teens had attended a pre-concert during that day in Vallejo before the incident happened that evening. This claim concurs with the ‘Police Seeking Teens’ Slayer’ article, which also reveals that the two late teens were in a pre-Christmas concert prior to their murder. However, Menny asserts that there is a possibility that the two youngsters were trailed by their assailant from the Vallejo concert.

Are there innate differences between women and men Research Paper

Are there innate differences between women and men - Research Paper Example Some of the areas that many people have posited men to be smatter than women include the field of science and mathematics and physical mightiness. However, feminists tend to disagree with such deliberations, citing that men and women are equal by nature, and that the only differences are as a result of how the society deals with women differently from men. The rationale for the differences While researching on the root cause of the differences between men and women, studies have attributed the differences to the fact that men’s brains are built differently from women brains. Men’s left and right brain hemispheres are linked by less neurons than are women’s. In addition, women brains are networked while me’s brains are compartmentalized (Greene, 2008). Studies have shown that men are aggressive, women are passive, in regard to personality, even if they are both intelligent. However, in many societies, men dominate especially in many areas of leadership posi tions. Studies have also documented that, for example, at an average age of six years, boys have about 7 percent more vital energy than girls of the same age. In fact, as they grow, at an age of 13 or 14, boys have 35 % more than girls. Biologically, the main male hormone is testosterone, while that of female ones is an estrogen and progesterone (Jacklin & Maccoby1987). In light with this, it is widely contented that as boys continue to grow, they start taking the personality of physique of a man while girls increase traits of a woman. In another dimension, some cultural theorists believe that the differences seen between men and women are as a result of socialization, not biological. In their argument, women are conditioned to meet men’s conditioned thus they tend to accept a patriarchal structure (Fritz, 2004). Although feminist theorists tend to be united in their view of gender differences, they argue that this should not be equated with women inferiority. Behavior, which is considered to be dysfunctional by the society, is a reflection of less privileged minorities, such as women. The environment Many feminist theories are person-in-environment oriented. The major point of focus is on interaction between personal traits and surrounding. In fact, this is what is taken to mean that politically, these differences exist between men and women are. This is attributed to the interrelationship between different events on private and public sectors. In light with this, some feminists believe that the future can witness a genderless society because it is apparent that the traits labeled to be masculine and feminine are as a result of social construct, which is a custom that is derived right from childhood as children grow (Carroll, 2010). For example, little girls are introduced to cuddly dolls and gossip while little boys are encouraged to play with other boys mostly on games that signify on superiority and leadership traits. In addition, however, differenc es noted as being contributed to human biology are responsible for the inequality between men and women, which are exhibited in all societies (Riley & Clausen, 1972). A further example is that men, in almost all cultures are take part in warfare, which is an indication that they possess biologically based traits of aggression than women. However, not all researchers agree with such arguments. According to Shaffer (2009), some believe that the level of aggressiveness varies widely between

Environmental Values Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environmental Values Paper - Essay Example I value the environment as something that should be valued and, ethically speaking, it should be treated the way we would want to be treated. In the long run, if the environment continues to be damaged in the ways that it has been, it will only backfire on us, making this world an unsafe place for us to live. Although the environment is failing due to our negligence, it is still considered a comfortable place for us. However, this will not continue if we do not take action. To accomplish this, people need to understand and embrace the fact that they are not superior to nature (Michael, 1999), that they each require the other to live to its full potential. Ecofeminism is the movement that strives to find common ground between environmentalism and feminism (Reuther, 2003). The argument is that the same oppression and degradation that women face is the same that the environment is putting up with. That is to say, the degradation is being done in masculine attitudes and methods, such as what women are used to. It is because of this common bond that many women have taken to fight for the rights of the environment, just as they had to fight for their own rights. There is much controversy about this concept, though there are many that can at least agree or relate to the fundamentals of it, such as other minority groups. These people understand what it is like to be mistreated and the feeling of finally breaking through to fairness and freedom. The important principle of this movement is that there are people that understand what the environment is going through. They are willing to provide support and respect for the environment that they themselves had fought for and are still fighting for. If there are more people that can relate to and understand what the environment is going through, then there are more that are willing to help it. These are the

Business Law Course Project 1 Rubric Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Law Course Project 1 Rubric - Essay Example Lawyer How the job is related to the law In different countries, respective governments lay down binding regulations that form the law of the land as enshrined in the constitution. As such different cases are reported to the courts and the law states that the accused person is innocent until proven guilty by the court (Muller et al, 2007). The law states that the accused persons have the right to fair trial and they can engage the services of a practising member of the legal profession such as a lawyer to be represented in each case. This career is related to the law since it is stipulated in the constitution that the accused person has a right to seek legal advice from legal professional people. In most cases, there are laws that regulate the operations of the lawyers and these outline the expected code of behaviour as well as the work ethics. Typical job duties A lawyer is a practising member of the legal profession and he or she represents different individuals as well as big orga nisations in various court cases (Mallor et al, 2007). In a court trial, the defendant has a right to be represented by a lawyer who will argue in his or her favour. The lawyer often tries to gather as much information as possible that can be used to defend the accused in a court case. A lawyer also gives legal advice to his or her client with regards to rights during the trial period. Educational requirements The minimum qualification for one to practice as a lawyer is a law degree (LLB). Higher qualifications such as doctorate are also an added advantage. Introduction to the interviewee The interviewee is a prospective legal professional as a lawyer upon successful completion of his studies and this interview has been designed to solicit for more information about how he perceives this profession. As such, I designed the following questions with the aim of establishing the extent to which he views this profession. What are your expectations as a practising lawyer? Do you think the law regulating the practise of lawyers in their profession is fair? What do you think needs to be done to improve this legal profession? Do you want to work for a private or public law firm? Is it ethical to lie in defence of your client? What kind of cases do you prefer to represent in court? Are you competent to represent big criminal cases? Do you abide by the code of behaviour for lawyers as stipulated by the law? How many cases can you represent per month? How do you view corrupt practises by lawyers such as accepting bribes from clients? The magistrate How the job is related to the law The law of the land states that the judiciary is mainly responsible for acting as an arbiter in solving disputes that can arise between different parties. As such different cases are reported to the courts and the magistrate has a role to preside over them with the aim of reaching a fair judgement among the parties involved (Muller et al, 2007). This career is related to the law since it is sti pulated in the constitution that the judiciary is responsible for settling disputes between different people. Typical job duties A magistrate is a practising member of the legal profession and he or she presides over different cases in the court with the aim of reaching a fair judgement. In a court trial, the magistrate through the help of the prosecutor gathers enough information from both parties involved in a case and uses this information to determine the judgement

Ancient art and architecture Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ancient art and architecture - Research Paper Example The word 'sociocultural' is fundamentally an amalgamation of that which encompasses both cultural and social factors. Owing to the above justification, this research seeks to expound on social and cultural contexts that played a pivotal role towards architectural works like; the George C. Boldt Yacht House and the Khyber Ridge House Discussion The historic George C. Boldt Yacht House structure, stands on 100 feet long piece of land. The structure contains 120 rooms among them service bay for the yacht, a servant quarter and a storage facility and offices moreover an elevator for mobility. Besides, an underground passage on the water edge from the servants docks. Furthermore, the architecture uses a combination of tradition materials with contemporary features, such as extensive verandas, glass windows for clear and easy visibility, concrete and steel roofs and floors to enhance its strength, durability and fire proof purposes, ornaments of cast terr cotta for wall and tiles for wall and floor decoration respectively. In line with architectural works, The Khyber Ridge House dwells in Whistler, British Columbia, Canada, a proficient snowboarder specially ordered to have strategy firm known us â€Å"Studio NMinusOne† to complete the project. ... Its green rooftop mergers in with the setting. In contrast, a cantilevering roof with a deferred floor projecting out of the incline that forms the central living volume. The cantilever is fastened by four by three foot profound beams of steel drilled unswervingly into the facade of the rock; a four by one inch diameter of steel roads that are stainless suspends the floor. With its glass inclusion, the glass effect creates a floating platform that enlightens when engaged by the complete impact of the adjoining mountains. One is factually suspended in space and encircled by the greenery of trees. Subsequently, the higher level bedchambers retreat hindmost along the delineations of the mountain, thus producing an inconspicuous relationship to the contiguous views. As the occupants traverse these dimensions, they unremittingly intertwine the terrain in and out. Sociocultural context analysis Fundamentally, the above named structures receive massive ideas from the social and cultural con text. Social and cultural factors greatly influence architectural works. Sociocultural context denotes to circumstances enlivening to both social and cultural matters. The word 'sociocultural' is fundamentally an amalgamation of that which encompasses both cultural and social factors. Social factors entail aspects like; political, religion, economic status, ethnicity, locality education and physical attributes. On the other hand, culture includes a set of beliefs like; color codes, population density, geographical location, traditions, intellectual artistic and many others. Justifiably, the aforementioned factors play a significant role toward generating an idea as regards architect. For instance, the George C. Boldt Yacht House depicts the ancient periods through its

What Do I Believe About Others Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

What Do I Believe About Others - Essay Example I believe that immigrants get space in our country with due permission and approval of the government, and the government only allows them to share this space with us because their arrival to our land is expected to have a positive effect on our economy. I tend to interact and socialize with others a lot. I know that it can be very emotionally and psychologically demanding at times, as the friends usually keep offending each other in a sarcastic way all the time, but dealing with them makes me learn patience and tolerance. Once I develop that level of comfort talking and interacting with them, such conventionally offensive notions no more bother me, because of the fact that I have developed indifference to them. I believe that while my friends have a lot of negative traits, they also carry several positive traits. I tend to acquire good habits from them while staying away from bad influences. One thing that I particularly take care of is not to offend others while interacting with them. I think use of mockery and criticism just draws people away from you, and presents you as an overconfident person that they become hesitant to interact with. One can expand one’s social network by behaving decently with others and giving them respect. The formula is; treat others just the way that you want them to treat you. Since I desire respect from others, so I give others respect too, and it works for me. However, I make sure that with my patience, tolerance, and nice nature, I don’t become a sweet dish for them that they can eat.

Computer Operating System Essay Example for Free

Computer Operating System Essay The Windows series of operating systems produced by the Microsoft Corporation primarily make use of two file systems: the File Allocation Table (FAT) and the New Technology File System (NTFS). Additionally, some versions of Windows NT also support the use of the High Performance File System (HPFS), a result of Microsoft’s joint developer involvement with IBM to produce the OS/2 operating system. (Duncan, 1989; Custer, 1994) Initially released with DOS, FAT makes use of a table which indexes information on which sections of the storage medium are free, unusable or taken up by files. Disk space is partitioned into distinct units known as sectors or clusters. There is no real organization to the directory structure of FAT, and as such free disk space can become distributed across many different sectors, resulting in file space being allocated in discontiguous sectors. As such, data is highly fragmented and increases seek times. (Microsoft, 2007; Duncan 1989) HPFS was first introduced with OS/2. It improved over the core functionality of the FAT system by introducing additional room for metadata attributes. Allocation units were changed from clusters to physical sectors of 512 bytes each, optimizing the disk space used for each file. HPFS directory entries also hold more attribute data: they possess single sector FNODEs that serve as the control structure for each directory. Fragmentation is drastically reduced by allocating as much of a file in contiguous sectors. However, the HPFS is dependent on a Super Block which contains the control structures of the root directory – essentially the root FNODE. The Super Block is thus vulnerable to corruption or loss from a bad sector which can compromise an entire partition’s useability. (Microsoft, 2007; Duncan, 1989) NTFS was designed to meet the growing demand for network servers and file sharing capabilities and it borrowed many of its concepts from the HPFS. (Kozierok, 2001) It is a journaling file system which permits greater recoverability by reverting files back to a useable state in the event of power failures and system crashes that occur during file transactions. Additionally, it also makes use of an expanded meta-data system which allows administrators to set a wider variety of access and use controls to files. The NTFS also optimizes data by storing small files into the Master File Table of the NTFS itself. The larger system format limit provides means that allocation units are much more refined as well. (Microsoft, 2004; 2007) Memory management on Windows has an access limit of up to 4GB of physical memory, and as such, the allocation of memory to processes is limited by this cap. By using paging to transfer pages of data between main memory and an auxiliary storage device such as a hard drive, it can overcome some of the limitations of physical RAM and enable system processes to have their own 4GB logical address space. Additionally, Windows accords memory protection to process in such a manner as to prevent access to one another, which is crucial to ensure that processes can operate simultaneously without compromising their functionality. (Garg, 2008) Microsoft Windows is essentially an operating system that is built with multi-tasking in mind, which in effect, allows multiple programs to be executed simultaneously. Each application is composed of one or more processes, each of which provides the resources needed to execute a program. Processes are composed of threads, a discrete unit by which processor time is allocated and a single thread, called the primary thread initiates the process. Each thread may execute any portion of code in the process, including those already being executed by another thread. Virtual address space and system resources are shared by threads of a single process, though exception handlers, scheduling priority and other components that determine a thread’s importance and role within the context of a process. (Microsoft Developer Network, 2008) Windows possesses many of the essential features crucial to basic security such as authentication and access control, encryption schemes and protection profiles. However, the API for cryptography is easily compromised by the fact that it easily trusts multiple keys in certifying authority of access. As such, only one code key is necessary to render a system vulnerable. Such a compromise is possible either through accidental disclosure of the private key or when the certifying authority mistakenly issues a certificate. On the level of network security protocol, Windows makes use of IPSec, a cryptographic IP-level protection system which is an open standard in the industry, which functions not only through data encryption and verification of hosts but by detecting modifications made to data during network transit. (Quardt, 2004) Windows security is at its most problematic with regards to applications and non-operating system products. Part of the problem is that for the purposes of consumer convenience, Microsoft Windows continues to be reliant on legacy applications that contain security threats that were of trivial matter during their initial release. Furthermore, the signature architecture of Microsoft programs is to mix application code and data, such as ActiveX for example, can allow untrusted data from outside the system to activate code. (Quardt, 2004) Also, Windows approves digitally signed code even if it is supplied from outside of the system, which means that a system administrator must implicitly trust whoever has signed the code to have subjected it to appropriate code review. In essence, the problem with Windows security is that trust and certification is so decentralized as to deny systems administrators total control and authority over the trustworthiness of code.   REFERENCES Microsoft Corporation. (2007, May 7) Overview of FAT, HPFS and NTFS File Systems. Retrieved August 9, 2008 from: http://support. microsoft. com/kb/100108 Microsoft Corporation (2004, May 5) Local File Systems for Windows. Retrieved August 9, 2008: http://download. microsoft. com/download/5/b/5/5b5bec17-ea71-4653-9539-204a672f11cf/LocFileSys. doc Duncan, R. (1989, September) Design goals and implementation of the new High Performance File System. Microsoft Systems Journal, 4, 5, 1-13. Custer, H. (1994) Inside the Windows NT File System. Washington: Microsoft Press. Kozierok, C. M. (2001, April 17). Overview and History of NTFS. PCGuide. Garg, P. â€Å"Windows Memory Management. † Intellectual Heaven. Retrieved August 10, 2008 from: http://www. intellectualheaven. com/Articles/WinMM. pdf Microsoft Developer Network (2008, August 7). â€Å"About Processes and Threads. † Retrieved August 10, 2008 from: http://msdn. microsoft. com/en-us/library/ms681917(VS. 85,printer). aspx Hart, J. M. (2004) Windows System Programming, 3rd Edition. Boston: Addison-Wesley Professional. Quandt, S. (2004, May 25) â€Å"Linux and Windows security compared. † Linux. com Retrieved August 11, 2008 from: http://www. linux. com/articles/36273? page=2

Hawthorne effect Essay Example for Free

Hawthorne effect Essay In today’s competitive climate lots of business owners are trying to get more from their workforce at the same time however their employees are trying to get more from their jobs. Reward and recognition programmes are one way that employers can motivate their staff into changing their key behaviors and work habits, thus benefitting the business. At the same time these schemes can also give the employee that little bit extra they are looking for from job. Motivation and reward are closely linked and there have been many credible theories written on the subject. It is widely recognised that human beings have a need to feel valued, both in their home lives and in the work place. To keep people motivated they need to be encouraged, rewarded (where appropriate) or recognised in their endeavors. One of the most valued of the motivation theories was written by Abraham Maslow from the USA back in the 1950’s. As part of his study into motivation Maslow developed a five tiered hierarchy of needs. He argued that the way to motivate individuals in the workplace and indeed in life is to satisfy the need sets one by one and in order. The first of the need sets and the most basic are the biological and physiological needs. These are survival requirements ingrained into us and evolved with mankind for tens of thousands of years, things such as food, shelter, warmth etc. In Maslow’s model it’s these needs that need to be satisfied before anything else, for example there is little point offering status as a motivator, when the individual has not yet satisfied basic requirements such as achieving a livable wage in order to eat, secure shelter etc. Reward Systems Peformance at Mark-it-Down Co Ltd is not what it should be and it has been decided between senior mangement and the Human Resources department that the introduction of a reward scheme is whats required to motivate the workforce and improve performance overall. The team in charge of deciding on the reward system to implement have come up up with the following suggestions: Variable Pay/Bonus Scheme A scheme of variable pay is one possible solution for the supermarket. In this scheme a portion of the employee’s pay would be considered at risk. This portion of the wage will be rewarded according to the performance of the company as a whole, on the basis of personal acheivement or based on the results of a department or team (this would probably be the most effective for this type of commercial business) Targets will be set at the beginning of a specified period (per annum is the common period) at the end of this period depending on the how well the targets have been met, a percentage or full quantity of the â€Å"at risk† part of their pay will be paid to the individual. This payment could take a few different forms, possibly a cash bonus, a quantity of stock or shares in the business. Whilst monetary reward has been proven to be effective and can encourage hard work amongst a team or individually, it has the disadvantage of impacting on profit made by the supermarket, for example if the grocery team meet their target for keeping the produce displays replenished to a defined level, then the whole grocery team will have earnt the bonus which must be paid from the profits. You also may have a situation where part of the workforce become demotivated, if their team or they personally have missed out on a bonus. Bonus and pay based rewards are considered differently depending on which motivation theory you study. For example in Maslows hierachy of needs, financial remuneration is only mentioned within the first tier of the hierachy which covers the most basic and obvious survival needs (physiological needs) Money was not considered by Maslow be a long term motivator. Frederick Herzberg considered financial reward to be amongst his â€Å"hygiene factors† that is that money in itself is not a motivator but actually will only act as a â€Å"dissatisfier† if the individual feels that their financial expectations and requirements of the role are not being met. In contrast to Maslow and Herzberg, John Stacey Adams might have argued that bonus schemes and pay related rewards can indeed be effective motivators. If the individual percieves that they are gettting a fair input to output balance in comparison to their peers eg, works hard (input) for a pay bonus (output) However that motivation through financial reward might not last. If the individual learns that a colleague or peer is benefiting from a better input to output ratio (eg doesn’t work as hard, but gets paid more) then the individual can quickly become dissatisfied. Promotion The introduction of a promotion programme could be a viable option. If the employee’s are aware that there is a realistic opportunity for them to progress within Mark It Down Co then they will likely feel motivated towards improving their standard of work in the hope that they will be one of the employee’s chosen for promotion. Maslow’s heierachy of needs supports promotion as a motivator, however depending on the person promotion/status as a form of motivation might be quite high up on the tiers and as such it would only work if the tiers below have already been satisfied. There could be several downsides to this however; often with promotion comes a rise in salary for the individual, which will of course impact on any profit made by the supermarket. There might also be a risk of a culture developing within the company whereby individuals take the attitude that they are â€Å"out for themselves† Employee of the Month One of the suggested recognition programmes is an employee of the month scheme. The idea is that all employee’s and managers are provided with a brief form to be used to nominate an employee that they believe deserves recognition (they should also explain the reasons behind there nomination) Due to the nominations for employee of the month being business wide not only is the playing field for recognition level, but there is the scope for recognising excellance in all of the different area’s of the organisation. This reward system could be as low or high cost as Mark it Down Co directors see fit. There is support for this type of recognition reward in Elton Mayo’s Hawthorne Effect theory. Following his studies of workplace behaviour at the Hawthorne Plant Chicago in the late 1920’s and early 1930’s Mayo deduced that emotional factors acted as far better motivators than economical ones, as such a reward scheme of this nature could be very effective indeed, not to mention low cost. On the downside employee of the mon th schemes can have a tendancy to be considered a little cheesy and may require a little effort on the part of the programme managers in order to keep all of the staff motivated to particiate by completing the nomination slips. Pass on Praise Something as simple as passing on positive comments you have heard about an employee direct to the individual can have an extremely motivational effect. Again the hawthorne effect supports this belief. The praise could passed on by way of email, copying in managers or even with a visit to a senior managers office in order to receive thanks directly. The main advantage of this idea is that it costs nothing and is extremely easy to implement, however it may not be enough on its own, I would suggest that this tactic be used in conjunction with one of the other employee recognition schemes. All of the afore mentioned reward options have the potential to be effective, however the success of the chosen scheme could have a lot to do with the indviduals in nbeed of motivation. For instance in McGregors theory, the two employee types, X and Y differ greatly. What might motivate a Y employee (someone that is naturally happy to take on repsponsibilty and excepts work as part of life) might have the opposite effect on an employee of the X variety (someone that’s avoids repsonsibility and needs to be heavily supervised. The type of employee’s to be motivated should be considered before a motivation and reward scheme is decided upon. Monitoring Performance There are various ways to monitor the performance of your workforce. In the supermarket setting of Mark it Down Co, these could be; Physical: the number of sales made, the number of employee’s served, punctuality or attendance. There can be no disputing these types of performance indicators they are unambiguous and offer a realistic insight into the performance of a team or individual. Qualiative: these indicators are based on opinions and judgements (the view of a supervisor or the such like). These indicators are just as important as physical ones but managers should be careful to ensure that any measures of performance are considered fair by both the employees and employers. Goals and Targets Performance measurement can also be linked to the companies appraisal system, that is performance can be measured by assessing progress made on targets and goals agreed at the previous review. Appraisals are valuable in this respect. In order to effectively monitor performance in this way it is important to ensure that your employees are aware of the difference between target and goal. Goals: These are long term ambitions that should relate to the individual aims for progressing within the company. Targets: These are the steps taken in order to achieve the goal. There is an acronym that can act as a guide for the criteria that any targets should adhere to. They should be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic and Time bound. There is little point setting targets outside of these parameters. Monitoring progress towards identified goals and objectives as a way of determining who deserves reward does have its pros and cons though. On the one hand it can be considered an easily measurable method of monitoring performance, but on the other (particularly when the goals and targets have been set for a team or group) it could be argued that the fact that a company/team or individual is achieving its set goals and targets is not a true indication of who has made the most effort towards making that happen and as such is not an effective method for identifying who should qualify for reward. This is an important thing to consider when applying motivation and reward schemes, as an incorrect or ill managed monitoring technique could be costly to a business. For example a company will not want to be handing out cash bonuses to a whole team for reaching a set goal if it transpires that 3 out of 5 team members have made no improvement to their work output and had nothing to do with the team’s progress or achievement! When considering target setting as a way of monitoring progress and establishing where reward, praise or recognition should be given, serious thought should be given to how the company plans on pinpointing exactly who has been responsible for progress, both positive and negative. Benchmarking Another way to monitor company performance is to measure its successes and failures against those of other businesses in the same market. For example Mark it Down Co could measure its sales figures against one of its competitors, Lidl for instance. This method is known as bench marking and it’s all about taking the best practices of the highest achieving businesses in the same market and applying them back in the business in question. Job Evaluation Its has been brought to management attention that one of the employee’s at Mark it Down Co believes that he is receiving less salary for the same work as one of his peers. The following two methods can be used to evaluate the jobs of the individuals in question in order to assess whether theses concerns are justified or not. Job Ranking Job ranking is one of the simplest methods of job evaluation. Its considers the job as a whole and ranks it against another whole job within the organisation. This is usually carried out by the raters comparing the jobs using their general knowledge of the roles themselves. The jobs are ranked in order of the difficulty of the job itself or the importance of the role to the company. The procedure is followed for each department and then a comparison of jobs at all levels is made and jobs are given grade levels which define salary groups. The job ranking method is easily understood by all employees and simple to administer, however it does have its disadvantages, this technique is not really suitable for large organisations with complex structures where its is much harder to gain familiarity with all of the job roles. With this in mind it is probably not the solution that should be used at Mark it Down Co Ltd. Point Factor Method The point factor method establishes job values by assigning points to each area within a group of defined factors, below are some examples but there any many different factors that could be defined further and given points in order to be used for job evaluation; Skill: Within this group there might be points available for, experience or training. Effort: The points available for effort might be divided between mental and physical effort. In this method each job is rated using the defined points system. The points are totaled to form the final score for that particular role. From there jobs are grouped into salary grades (jobs with similar points ratings would be placed together in the same salary grade) This method can be tailored to meet the needs of specific companies and is suitable for use within larger organisations where there are a large number of jobs to evaluate. It’s an easy model to work with once it’s in place but can be very expensive and time consuming to develop in the first instance. In my opinion the point factor method would be a the better job evaluation model to use for Mark it Down Co. Job ranking is just too simplistic to cope with the amount of individuals roles at this organisation. The factors I think should be used to develop the point system are as follows; Skill – Experience, Training, Ability, Education Responsibilities – Monetary, Supervisory, Reporting Effort – Mental, Physical Environment – Job Location, Hazard’s In order to establish if the employee in question has a case for querying the wage he is on in comparison to his colleague. His overall score for the above factors should be calculated in order to establish his pay bracket. If the pay grade is the same as that of his colleague then his concerns are justified and his wage should be brought into line. If it is not and he is in a lower wage group then there is no case for a wage increase. Equally if the individuals wage bracket is determined to be higher than that of his colleagues then his wage should be adjusted to reflect as much.

The Glass Menagerie Title Meaning

The Glass Menagerie Title Meaning Even though the familys relationship towards one another in The Glass Menagerie by Tennessee Williams is both dysfunctional, and questionable you begin to see a deeper meaning to which the title of the story foreshadows. The story begins with the family having supper. As this dinner continues we learn that they are in a single parent household with a mother, Amanda, who is stuck in her youth, a son, Tom, who is trying to separate himself from the dysfunction of his mother, and a daughter, Laura, who has a physical handicap that hinders her from taking part in normal activities including interacting with people. But as the story moves along Laura is somewhat broken out of her shell, Tom moves out, and Amanda develops a closer relationship with her daughter. The title The Glass Menagerie seems to suggest transparency, fragileness, and special attention and care which describe exactly what this family is and needs. Reading the play and basing it in relations to the title it is clear tha t the title has more meaning then meets first glance. Some may argue that the title has no relation what so ever to the play because of things like, who is the mains character? and how the title does not help in defining the underline meaning of the play? These points may very well be true but the question is asked, why is The Glass Menagerie a good title? The glass menagerie is a good title because it leaves a certain mystery to the story, it suggests deeper aspects to the characters in relation to life, and it gives depth to the characters. Â  In the story there is a scene between Tom and Amanda when they are having a confrontation about Tom and where he goes when he leaves home after work. As the argument is escalading Lauras class menagerie breaks. Glass is both fragile and delicate which seems to describe Tom and his mothers relationship, and the breaking of the glass comes at a time when there own relationship cracks. The mystery is why this glass? Why the glass menagerie at this particular time? The suggestive mystery would seem to be the fact they are in some ways like the glass animals and are in cased in a glass case making them venerable, fragile and easily broken. The titles mystery is not just towards the characters weakness, but the mystery of the titles relation to life. It is clear to point out the irrelevance of Amandas Scarlett OHara attitude, toms get away attitude, and Lauras over the top shyness, but there behaviors are not totally irrelevant to real life. At the beginning of the play Tom says I reverse it to that quaint period, the thirties, when the huge middle class of America was matriculating in a school for the blind.(282-83) Tom gave insight to a time period when the economy is struggling due to the great depression. Life in that time was harder, and for Amanda being the only parent in her household it was even tougher. Her reverting back to her past is not at all for fetched or uncommon. Humans tend to go back to happier times in there lives so they are able to cope with the present. All the characters found ways to cope with there situations whether it was skipping school or going to the movies. Lauras defect gave her server introversion that most people suffer from, especially those in her position, and Toms itch to get out of the nes t stems from him getting older and not being able to experience what young men his age do. The weak time period and the fragileness of the economy fit the title and its relevance to life and add a certain depth to each character. The underline meaning of the title helps to add depth to the characters. With out the title the play and its characters would be just that, characters. Because the play uses real life situations it makes it easier to relate to the characters and actually understand each of them. Tom says at the end of the story I didnt go to the moon, I went much further-for time is the longest distance between places.(329) By Tom saying this it shows that these characters are deep and aspire for more then given. By Tom being the narrator he represents all the characters and there insight of how they perceive the world around them. As the play comes to an end you see the characters evolve from being associated from being in a glass case to finding there way out of that enclosure. The Glass Menagerie is no longer a relic or just a title about a glass case, but instead a window into the characters lives. Even through The Glass Menagerie is a great title for such a deep play. Some would not agree that The Glass Menagerie is a good title. Amandas fascination with the past, Lauras inferiority complex (321), and Toms urge to get out is as transparent as the title and is simple as deep as either of the characters get. This could be understood to be true because this family obviously has been this way for quit sometime and there depth cannot be seen pass there ways. Although they seem to not be as deep or as transparent as the title suggest, still there are moments where you are inclined to believe that there is more to them. You see that Amandas reasonings to live in the pass is based on her present and because of that she wants her kids have better lives then she has. Toms unhappiest causes him to write poems, and narrate the play so we are able to understand and know what the familys current situation is about and could find a relation to them and our own lives. Lauras shyness and her b lossoming at the end of the play shows how much more she is as a character and how she is the most important figure in what the title has to do with the play. The more you begin to look out side the box and the more you look at the play for meaning instead of logic the more you see that the title is more interesting then any other title put in its place. Tennessee Williams takes a look into the world of an under class family in the 1930s who have many issue that they may or may not be aware of, and puts it in the fore front so that the readers can feel what these characters feel. He has a mother play both parents because of their broken household and gives her an outlet from her current situation which is recapturing her youth. He brings forth a son who sees his broken family and cannot help or fight the urge to get away so he retreats to watch movies or to drink, and a daughter who is physically handicap and is letting this disability whole her back for becoming the women she should be, and the beauty she should feel. These characters give insight to what is real and ultimately the end to happily ever after. But for this to be bought to anyones attention the title of the story has to be up to pare with what the author is trying to accomplish, and the point that is trying to be proven. Though some argue that choosing The Glass Menage rie as the title of this play gives no meaning to what the plays message truly is, this title makes perfect sense. We are quick to judge what we do not understand therefore to some it would not, but this title goes beyond just words and focus on the meaning. The Glass Menagerie means glass is easily broken, can have cracks, and makes even the tiniest flaws visible, but it can always be repaired. What we see looking in is not whats really going on, but it is what is done to break that glass and let that something out is whats more important.

The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway Essay -- Sun Also Rises Ernest

The epigraph to "The Sun Also Rises'; contains a quote from Gertrude Stein, saying: "You are all a lost generation';. This proclamation is juxtaposed with the passage from the beginning of the Book of Ecclesiastes: "One generation passeth away, and another generation cometh: but the earth abideth for ever';. The message of the former quote clearly conveys that the WW1 generation, of which Jake Barns, Robert Cohn, Brett Ashley and Mike Campbell are the representatives, is forever deprived of moral, emotional, spiritual and physical values. On the other hand, the latter passage gives a lot of hope: "The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place where he arose.'; This statement, from which the title of the novel comes, as well as the content of the whole Book of Ecclesiastes, may be the reason for upholding this hope, the hope given by the rising Sun, the hope of forever abiding Earth. It is a common knowledge that war - "the calamity for civilization';, as the narrator Jake names it - disorganises or even destroys human's inner life, his priorities, his code of values; that war causes a lot of chaos in the way one perceives oneself as well as others; that war deprives man of dignity and (self-)respect. The lives of the (dis)affiliates of the Lost Generation, who have gone through the tragedy of the World War1, epitomise this universal truth. They are constantly coping with finding themselves in the world after the war. It is highly probable that the ethics and morality for them is to be found in the book of Ecclesiastes. The preacher provides the reader, or rather the members of the team of expatriates, with the code of conduct they should follow to find the meaning and the purpose of their lives. However futile and vain life may be, on which Ecclesiastes insists by repeating the statement: "All is vanity and vexation of spirit';, one predominantly should put his life into the hands of God and obey Him. Do the protagonists manage to find any significance in their post-war existence? Are their lives likely to regain the meaning? Will they manage to "put together the pieces of their shattered personal faiths'; (Maloney 188) to obliterate their painful memories of "that dirty war';? Book 1 presents the tragic and hopeless situation of the Lost Generation. All the protagonists belong to the degenerated society of the expatria... ...g life as a constant rebirth, as the "re-entering the earthly paradise'; (Maloney 186) outside the novel, but still within the works of Hemingway, whose crucial message is after all that man can be beaten up, but not lost, that man can be destroyed but not defeated. Works Cited Backman, Melvin. "Hemingway: The Metador and the Crucified." Hemingway and His Critics. Ed. Carlos Baker. New York, American Century Series: Hill and Wang, 1961. Benson, Jackson J. Hemingway: The Writer's Art of Self-Defense. Minnesota: the University of Minnesota, 1969 Kashkeen, Ivan. "Alive in the Midst of Death: Ernest Hemingway." Hemingway and His Critics. Ed. Carlos Baker. New York, American Century Series: Hill and Wang, 1961. Maloney, Michael F. "Ernest Hemingway: The Missing Third Dimension." Hemingway and His Critics. Ed. Carlos Baker. New York, American Century Series: Hill and Wang, 1961. Spilka, Mark. "The Death of Love in The Sun Also Rises." Hemingway and His Critics. Ed. Carlos Baker. New York, American Century Series: Hill and Wang, 1961. (http://members.aol.com/_ht_a/pamplonaweb/riauriau.htm) (http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/LitNote/id-178,pageNum-51.html)

Sir Gawain vs Beowulf Essay -- Compare, Contrast, Comparative

Although Gawain and Beowulf share many similarities, their characters are almost complete opposites. Both aim for some sort of fame, one more than the other; differing in the way they attempt to achieve this success. Gawain remains true and looks to humility to guide him, whereas Beowulf is very prideful and selfish, loving nothing more than boasting about his virtues. Regardless, both go through tremendous changes throughout their quests, dealing with repercussions, and many challenging obstacles along the way. Initially, Gawain’s strongest trait is humility, Beowulf’s is pride. In the beginning of Gawain and the Green Knight, a mysterious warrior enters King Arthur’s court to extend a challenge. Although he knows others in the court would handle the challenge better than him, out of respect, when King Arthur attempts to accept the challenge Gawain comes forth and suggests he takes his place. Gawain presents himself as â€Å"the weakest of them, I know, and the dullest-minded/ so my death would be least loss, if truth should be told/ only because you are my uncle am I to be praised/ no virtue I know in myself but your blood† (Broadview Analogy 269). Instead of bragging about his bravery, Gawain acts modestly and states that his death would be of little loss during this challenge. He is not self-absorbed and gives off the impression that the only reason he is a knight is because of his relation with King Arthur. By stating this, he gives off the impression that h is self confidence is quite weak; this is astonishing for a character of this era. Although King Arthur has at least one of his knights to be proud of, it seems as though Gawain’s behaviour is not looked upon as modest by others in the court, but rather disreputable. The D... ...ash between good and evil. Beowulf is a representation of a Godly figure, possibly Christ, whereas his enemies represent figures of darkness, possibly Satan. Due to his battle with Grendel, Beowulf realises the true abilities of Gods power and develops into a more Saint like character who is more concerned with giving help rather than Gaining fame. He seeks Gods guidance, but looks to pagan ideals when he deems so. Although he never completely takes complete advantage of Gods power, he does earn the fame and glory that he fought bravely for. Gawain returns to Camelot a changed man, bearing his sins on his shoulders, whereas, Beowulf develops into a more saint like character who is more concerned with giving help than gaining fame. Gawain becomes more aware of his wrong doing, and attempts to better himself by carrying the green girdle as a reminder of his sins.

Napoleons Failure to Dominate Europe Essay -- history

Napoleon's Failure to Dominate Europe A ruler's reputation comes from the change that he inflicts upon his subjects, territory, and surrounding lands. Napoleon Bonaparte rose into power during the French Revolution, causing drastic changes not only to France, but to the rest of Europe as well. His domestic and foreign policies were not always successful, but his ability to rule was undeniable. From his rising in power and reform of France, up until his military defeat in Russia, Napoleon succeeded in gaining a considerate amount of power and control. In France, Napoleon used his power to make many reforms in all aspects of life. He incorporated a national bank, public schools, and constructed new roads. With these changes, he also enforced the Concordat of 1801 and the Napoleonic Codes of Law. While the Concordat focused mainly on Church affairs, the Code Napoleon covered a broad spectrum of new ideas and reforms. Code Napoleon made France "more peaceful at home than it had been for many years," (Modern Times 58) and it was one of his "most lasting domestic achievements." (World History 641) It was made to have one code of laws for all of France, instead of many separate legal systems. The Civil Code recognized each individual's equality and privileges. Some other changes included the supporting of religious toleration, right of divorce, and civil marriage. Private property, inheritance, and business laws were affected as well. Promotion for civil and military offi...

Nazi consolidation of power in 1933 was primarily due to the use of terror and violence Essay

Certainly terror and violence can be said to have played an integral part in bringing about the Nazi’s consolidation of power, as violence was such an important part of Nazism and was never far from the surface. However there were also other factors such as legality, tactical alliances and the successful use of propaganda which in effect contributed a vast amount to the Nazi’s consolidation of power, the Nazis deployed propaganda effectively as a means of deceiving the political nation of their real intentions and significances of their actions, which ultimately led to their consolidation of power. Terror and violence were prominent factors in allowing the Nazis to consolidate power in 1933, for the reason that violence still had an impact on political developments, even the negotiations between Hitler, Von Papen and Hindenburg took place against the backdrop of well publicized acts of SA brutality. In May 1933 SA members stormed trade union headquarters and disbanded it. This violence led many leaders of the SPD to flee abroad and in June its party was officially banned and the 3000 that remained were arrested and a number were killed. This ultimately portrays the brutality of the Nazis, which effectively contributed to their consolidation of power. After the Reichstag fire the police were given the powers to detain suspects indefinitely without reference to the courts. The decree ‘For the protection of the people and the state’ was used to justify the arrest, imprisonment and often torture of thousands of political opponents, and on 23 March 1933 Hitler presented the Enabling Act to an intimidated Reichstag in order to consolidate Nazi power. The Reichstag passed laws which voted itself out of existence; the communists were barred from voting. The brutality of the Nazis’ bought Hitler four years of a dictatorship. The Nazis managed to use terror with efficient ruthlessness and after the Enabling Act was the destruction of local state government; state governments were dissolved and ordered to reconvene with membership that reflected the recent, by the Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service, Jews and political opponents of the Nazis were thrown out of the civil service.? The enabling act gave Hitler dictatorial powers which consequently led to the opening of Dachau, a concentration camp outside Munich, where the Nazi’s political prisoners were held in ‘protective custody’. It also gave Hitler the power to suspend civil rights, removing the free press, freedom of speech and the right to freedom of association. It further gave Hitler the power to harass and attack the KPD and the SPD during the March 1933 elections. Political violence during this stage enabled the Nazis to win a record 43. 5% of the popular vote. This therefore highlights how the Nazi’s used terror as a way of consolidating power, as well as highlighting how the enabling act was one of the main reasons for the Nazis consolidation of power. This is because it allowed Hitler to gain dictatorial power by imprisoning his opponents, rigging elections and suspending civil rights.? Propaganda was another important tool for the consolidation of power. As Goebbels was largely responsible for bringing Hitler to the centre of the political stage, he was rewarded on 13 March 1933, with the position of Reich Minister for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, which gave him total control of the communications media – which was the radio, press, publishing, cinema and the other arts. From this, a new generation of manipulation was brought forth. Once the takeover was complete, the propaganda ministry was split up into several different departments. Anyone, who produced, distributed, broadcasted, published, or sold any form of cinema, media, press, or literature had to first join one of the departments and then follow all rules of the department head. That person was usually Joseph Goebbels. Therefore, without a license to practise their businesses, all artists, writers, publishers, producers, or directors could not work or do any business in their field. Also along with these guidelines, came the prohibition of all Jewish newspapers, radio, and cinema. Certainly, due to the eradication of anti-Nazi publications and media in general, the public must have felt that the general mood of all the media was pro-Nazi. Therefore by disagreeing they would step out of the public mood, and the terror of not conforming due to the total propaganda they were subjected to contributed greatly to the consolidation of power in Nazi Germany. This terror was accentuated further by direct acts of rebellion against the old order, such as the book burning during the spring of 1933. ? Goebbels’ propaganda portrayed the government’s actions as necessary to deal with a national emergency. Potsdam Day, which featured not just Hindenburg and Hitler, but also many generals, was an orchestrated piece of propaganda, aimed at demonstrating the unity and popularity of the government and the acceptance of the Nazis by traditional conservative elements. Following the success of the Nazis and Conservatives in the Reichstag elections, Potsdam Day was propagandized as a ‘day of national unity’. Hitler and Hindenburg appeared before huge crowds together to send out the message of Nazi and conservative unity, which ultimately legitimized Nazi rule. To conclude, it appears that the Nazi’s use of terror and violence played a highly significant role in the consolidation of the party’s power in 1933. Through extreme measures of propaganda and intimidation, the party was able to deal with political opponents to maintain control of people’s social, political and working lives, to the extent where Germany became a country where it was unsafe to do or say anything critical of the government. Although not all propaganda was designed for intimidation, the way Hitler consolidated power in 1933made people fearful of opposing him, granting the Nazis absolute control of national and local government.

Toyota Just in Time

Contents Particulars Page no 1. 0) Introduction 2. 1) Comp more or less(prenominal) History 2. 2) organise 2. 3) Objectives 2. 4) Organizational chart 2. 0) job credit 3. ) Quantitative 2. 1. 1) forest and design fuss 2. 1. 2) Design business 2. 1. 3) weld chore 2. 1. 4) stalling caper 2. 2) Quantitative fuss 2. 2. ) produceion caper 2. 2. 2) Recession hassle 2. 2. 3) Accelerated task 3. 0) operative concepts 3. 1) woodland 3. 2) ISO 9000/ISO 14000 3. 3) precisely in clip 3. ) t force out fruit 4. 0) Investigation 5. 0) analytical cut by means of 6. 0) conclusion 7. 0) references Summary In the scat of Operational counsel and Organization module, this appellative is any(prenominal)what the Toyota ac caller-up, this one(a) of the biggest railway car effect political party.Here the source is discussing al virtually the g overnment chart, luff of this assignment is that, timberland of operative management that is efficacious in any busine ss, and objectives argon to investigate the problem appointment and former(a)wise operational concepts like feature of the carrefours from Toyota, its sound in clock, run for fruition policies and the ISO 9000/ISO14000 Certification, thunder mugvass the problems via drawing the Fishbone diagram, suspensenaires and analyzing the result with drawing the Pie charts. 1. 0 IntroductionIn this assignment fountain is discussing about the prize within the face bea within a encase study order. Here compose considered as a case study. Toyota bon ton was founded by sakichi Toyoda with the name Toyoda spinning and weaving expressage in 1918. In mid 1950s it was introduced in the world(prenominal) market. Toyota is the largest automobile manufacturers in the world. Toyota sold 9 million sets in 2006 this light uponment is obtained by the companies obtain toward the client enjoyment. 1. 1 Company History In 1937 Toyota motor bon ton was established as a spin-off from Toy oda automatic board whole caboodle.In 1947 Toyota launched its first small car by and by 3 years at the epoch of 1950s it faced enormous monetary crisis and also it experienced strike from the employees. In 1959 the Company launched first authorize section in Brazil outside the Japan. ( weather vane1 http//www. breakeryard. com/cars/ business traffichip/TOYOTA. aspx) Toyota shifted their head quarters to Hollywood in the year 1957, after a decade of time Toyota became the unseasoned established familiarity in the United States. In the 1965 Toyota win Deming Application prize for quality misrepresent. ( web2 http//www. toyoland. com/ memoir. tml ) In 1982 Toyota Motor Co. Ltd and Toyota Sales Co. Ltd ar merged as Toyota Motor Corporation. 1989 Toyota started their manufacturing operations in Europe as considerably as in United Kingdom. today Toyota is ranked worlds trinity place in the manufacturing of automotives in the star of unit and net gross sales. ( web3 http//www2. toyota. co. jp/en/history/) 1. 2 Aim In any association success in the operational management and organizations quality of products plays a major(ip) lineament. The briny aim of this assignment in the quality of operational management that is useful in any business.Here author considered Toyota Company as an assignment. 1. 3 Objectives The one of the chief(prenominal) objective of the assignment to investigate the operational and organizational problems involved in the strategies that ar appropriate to solve these problems and finally that assess the outcome of these strategies. In this assignment author discussing about the history of the company, organization chart, problems acknowledgement through the valued objectives that is machinery problems, qualitative inhithernt which atomic number 18 involves in the management marches.Next tip of the assignment is that, the way in which quality is applying in the organization, operational beas for the organizati ons like quality of the products from the Toyoto company, ISO 9000/ISO14000, detailed theory about the further in time and sway exertions etcetera 2. 0 Problem Identification As the automobile industry Toyota facing some(prenominal) problems to be discussed meanwhile these atomic number 18 the infinitesimal problems. These problems ar significant role node satisfaction on the other spate Toyota Company rectified these problems in time. 2. 1 Quantitative 2. 1. Quality and design problems embrocate sludge problem The engine ebullient heat makes vegetable oil susceptible to sludge. Toyota Sienna XLE 2000 model car engine affected by the sludge problem. 2. 1. 2 Design Problem The size of the cooling passages to cylinder heads in the Sienna XLE 2000 model to increase combination temperatures for to a greater extent of a complete burn to stiffen exhaust emissions. Excessive heat makes oil to a greater extent susceptible to sludge the bar cylinder head temperatures as h ighschool as 260 degrees in sienna XLE 2000 model this is 30 degrees higher than the earlier models. . 1. 3 Welding problem Toyota introduced the redesigned Avalen in 2005, in this vehicle in U-Joint welding problem aroused imputable to the fault fitting of catalytic converters. The oil surrey leakage in aroused, for this problem Toyota correlate with an bags and the steering column on same Avalens. 2. 1. 4 Stalling problems there is a stalling problems be involving in the Toyota corolla and Matrix models. The national highway dealings preventative administration is investigated on 397,000 vehicles. at that place are some complaints about the mice of the new electronic carry module. web http//wheels. blogs. ny quantify. com/2009/12/07/stalling-problems-on-toyota-corolla-and-matrixes-leads-to-investigation/) 2. 2 Qualitative Problems Toyota Company solve their problem, pretends future planning serves people with doing their drills with A3 report. It describes the current s ituation of the problem, it identifies the desired outcome, and in this process problem solving is very(prenominal) transparent. (web http//www. rallydev. com/agileblog/2009/07/learning-from-toyotas-secret-the-a3-report/) 2. 2. 1 Production problemsIn young years Toyota company introduced Prius Hybrid vehicle. The quick growth and the success of this car in market for this reason Toyota unable to start out the deliveries to the nodes in the mean time sales of the other companies pass on been fall d contract got. 2. 2. 2Recession problem As many of the giant automobile industries Toyota faced the world recession with the huge fall in the sales as fountainhead as company growth. 2. 2. 3 Management failed to detect the acceleration problem The sudden acceleration is likely due to the malfunctioning of the gas pedals.The sudden acceleration rose up to five times than the front years. The Toyota failed to detect this problem in time, on the other tip over they didnt took the precautions and armed expediency to the customers. 3. 0 Operational concepts 3. 1) Quality According to Kodak quality is those products and services that are received to meet or snuff it the need and expectations of the customer at a make up that represents outstanding value. (Harold Kerzner, P823, 2006). Kodak louvre Quality Principle Leadership and customer FocusContinuous Improvement Analytical Approach team up work Founder of Toyota Corporation, Kichiro Toyoda state that From now on I want everybody to their efforts in concert and write in finding a way to make superior vehicles. To hand the total quality, continuous improvement is the exceed principle. Toyota is following these personas of strategies to primary(prenominal)tain quality from this type of commitments real benefits nates be obtained with the help of independent customer opinions we john refrain that Toyota is following the quality .Euro NCAP awarded five stars in the galosh tests. For Toyota quality is not sightly a promise, it is a way of life. (web http//www. toyotaegypt. com. eg/quality/index. asp ) In production of products, Toyota considering economically and standard quality a diagnose fact which are exceeds the customer necessitate for customer satisfaction to Toyota allowing Company childlike quality control, there employees essential do two things they are their own job and quality assurance. (web http//www. toyotauk. om/main/download/pdf/Our%20 access code%20to%20quality. pdf) In Toyota, quality buttocks be applying base upon the two principles they are expression quality at every breaker point and unremittingly improving quality standards. Toyota is natural endowment trying to the employees in visual control and indication of current status and identifying the problems, here Toyota employees are very much alert about the expiration of un-quality products to the next stage. (web http//www. toyotauk. com/main/how-we-manufacture/)Toyota maintaining quality by some strategies, they are, it encourages employees to interlocking of active roles in quality aliment it is utilizing the ideas of the employees in production processes and participating KAIZEN motivation for measurement. (web http//www. toyotageorgetown. com/qualdex. asp) 3. 2 ISO 9000 and ISO 14000 This section provides the in foundation of ISOs, broadly speaking cutn as management strategy standards. ISO 9000 is the process of quality management this flush toilet be awarded to the organization if they occupy the certain requirements. . Companies mustiness achieve customers quality requirements. 2. They deliver to follow the regulatory requirements. 3. Companies have to fulfill the customer satisfaction. 4. Organizations have to be perpetually improving their quality of products. ISO 14000 is known as Environmental management introduces to get the ISO 14000 certification, Companies must achieve the following activities. 1. They should minimize the environmental poll ution by their activities. 2. To achieve continual improvement of its environmental performance. (web http//www. iso. rg/iso/iso_catalogue/management_standards/iso_9000_iso_14000. htm) In 1991, Toyota (GB) achieved form with the quality standard BS 5750, which is afterwards became ISO 9001. This is awarded for the fulfilling requirements for quality management System, this company achieved the manner needs, it fulfills the customer satisfaction and Toyota Company is interminably improving their product performance. In 1999, because of their province towards the environment, Toyota company awarded ISO 14001 certification for fulfilling the requirements for are manufactured ites. In 1999, new wellness and galosh certificate OHSAS 18001 was also launched and Toyota achieved the requirements and it awarded OHSAS 18001. Entropy international is a kind of soft go through reply that improves environmental, social and economic performance, there by contributing to global sustainabil ity. Manager of the corporeal compliance, Toyota plc, Richard burgers, state that It was pop off that rowing the southward trunk was a significant tributary factor in our achieving triple certifications to ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001. web http//www. entropy-international. com/about/customers/by-corporate/documents/Toyota-Case-Study. pdf) 3. 3 unless in time The meaning of just in time is to do the work contrastive things to different people, it is the operational management approach for minimizing waste in operations, and this can be useful for the improvement of capability and product quality, practically just in time is the more than operational, tactical or strategic approach to running an operation. John R. Olson, 1999) The efficiency of Toyota, and other Japanese companies are follows Just in time procedure in addition they associates Toyota Quality Control(TQC) practice, in 1948 Toyota use JIT by Ono Taiichi. After fifteen years it spread all over the shops an d plants and on words all Japanese apply this procedure. ( Jane Marceau, 1992)Just in time production is a process, in which Toyota implement to having parts realize just as they are needed, kind of of maintaining inventories across an assembly plants and in ware houses, this process is useful in constitute savings by little enceinte from this company gains an inventory with this system, there is an one more advantage with this rule, that is, from this company can increase their functionality or in other words, they can reduce cost, due to this they can complete their engineering works very readily, since there is no need to clear the storage parts and troubles with the individual components can be investigate more quickly because they are using at the time of they made. (http//www. toyoland. com/toyota/production-system. html) 3. 4 campaign production Toyota invented carry production it is also known as the Toyota Production System or TPS).According to controversy Enterp rise Institute, lean production can be defined as A business for organizing and managing product development, operations, suppliers, and customer relations that requires less human effort, less space, less capital and less time to make products with fever defects to practice customer desires, compared with the previous system. Toyota lean production aim is to products, with the lowest cost, in the short plosive speech sound of time with eliminating the waste. Toyota mainly focuses on the duties and jobs of their workers, who are ready, add value to the cars, TPS is associated with other lead foundations, just in time, built in quality and respect towards the employees. According to mob Womack and Dan Jones there are five go to achieve the lean sentiment, they are 1) bound value from the stand point of the end customer. 2) Identification of the value creating steps towards the customer. ) To create the value creating steps towards the customer. 4) Companies have to spanner thei r customers from the next upstream activity. 5) At brook following the above procedures companies can achieve the excellence. ( Robert Charlie,2005) 4. 0 Investigation The Questionnaire fain based on studying the management strategies of the Toyota organization. The quantitative and qualitative problems in the Toyota company are discussed with JIT, ISO, Lean production. Based these problems the author prepared the passnaire related to these events. The questionnaire as follows 4. 1 Questionnaire 1) are you well-to-do with the management strategies in the Toyota Company? Yes or no ) In your panorama is Toyota orbit the customer expectations? a) all in all b) acceptable c) Partially d) No 3) Qualities of the manufacturing products are reaching the standards of ISO? Yes or nary(prenominal) 4) Just in time method is very useful in the process of manufacturing. True or False. 5) In Toyota Lean production system is giving more advantages to the company. Yes or NO. 6) Toyota Com pany fetching more cares about the customer health and safety precautions. Yes or NO. 7) Is recession effecting on the sales of the company products? Yes or No. 8) What are the customer service responses when giving complaints about the products? a) Excellent b) strong ) Satisfactory d) worthless 9) Service provided by the local Toyota lay in is good. Yes or No 10) In summing up Toyota company products are real and sure? Yes OR NO. 5. 0 epitome of results The Author prepared 10 questions for this survey he passed this questionnaire to 15 members in that 8 persons responded. By those results authos analysed their responces and he explained in the form of Pie charts. Question No 1. Are you quelled with the management strategies in the Toyota Company? Yes or No. This question addresses the management strategies towords the Toyota company development in the form of production quality marketing customer needs.By passing play the questionnaires to 8 respondents for the survey in that 6 persons that is 75% state that they are live up to with the company strategies, 25% of the participents said that they are unsatisfied with the management. Question 2 In your opinion is Toyota reaching the customer expectations? e) Completely f) Satisfactory g) Partially h) No This question addresses the Toyota company total customer satisfaction o the Toyota company. The total respondents for this survey is 8 members in that 6 members that is 75% of the respondents said that they are satisfied with Toyota product. 12. 5% respondents said that they are patially satisfied. Question 3 Qualities of the manufacturing products are reaching the standards of ISO? Yes or NO. This question addresses the quality standards of the Toyota company and its ISO certification.Out of the 8 respondents 6 members said that Toyota reched the ISO 9000 quality and 25% of the respondents said no for the ISO standars. Question 4 Just in time method is very useful in the process of manufacturing. Tr ue or False. Toyota Company introduced this JIT method all the members in the survey responded positively so the results will be speed of light% True. Question 5 In Toyota Lean production system is giving more advantages to the company. Yes or NO. Based on the survey the respondents out of 8 members 7 persons that is 87. 5% are said that lean production giving more advantages to the Toyota company and 12. 5% of respondents are gave their opinion they applyt.Question 6 Toyota Company taking more cares about the customer health and safety precautions. Yes or NO. The Toyota Company taking much care about their product in the sense of health and safety this question is also about this topic itself. Out of 8 respondents 5 persons that is 62. 5% persons said that they are fully satisfied with the policies of the Toyota company. 37. 5% of the respondents said that they have some complaints about the Toyota products in the sense of health and safety. Question 7 Is recession effecting on t he sales of the company products? Yes or No. Recession is effecting in every knit since last 2 years in that manufacturing industry is also one of them.By passing the questionnaire to 8 people in that fractional of them said that Toyota company suffering from recession. Question 8What are the customer service responses when giving complaints about the products? e) Excellent f) Good g) Satisfactory h) Poor For any company success customer care plays a major role here author tried to investigate the responces given by the participants towards the customer service in Toyota company. In that 62. 5 % said that customer service centre is working(a) excellent and 37. 5% of the respondents feel good, satisfactory and poor as equally. Question 9 Service provided by the local Toyota terminal is good. Yes or NoLocal stock service plays a crucial role in the product marketing and they are the key role in the company bricks. Here author tried to know the local store service and their workin g ability with customers and vehicles. Out of the 8 members 62. 5% people feel that local store service is good and 37. 5% said no. Question No 10 sum Toyoto company products are reliable and trusted? Yes OR NO. Toyota is the most trusted company all over the world on the other hand fine problems with the products in the company are negative factors for the management. Here75% the people responded towards the Toyota they feel good. 6. 0 Conclusions To conclude that Toyota organization is not unquestionable in a day or a year.Years of smart and hard work of the many people in the organization with the variety of strategies they are now on the heights. Through this work I have knowing the organizations building structure, problems faced by the organization, and importance of the quality in an organization. The organizational strategies importance and the problem solving through the techniques and strategies like JIT( Just In Time) Lean production, the importance of the ISO certific ation in a organizations in the quality concern. To improve the product quality, efficiency and high content of the product with less time and low cost to get these things with JIT process.By preparing the questionnaire I have learned more things like how the problems occurred in the organizations, the identification of the problems, the problems varieties like quantitative and qualitative and problem solving. The main thing I have learned from this work the problems solving in an organization with the strategies. Recommendations As an organization Toyota thinking one step ahead than the other companies on the other hand the defects and some draw backs in the engines as well as designing to be improved. The crucial part of the organization is the customer satisfaction. The minute complaints should be considered and taking care of that bad-tempered problem. References ) Schniederjans,. John R. Olson(1999) Advanced topics in Just in time. 2) Robert C (2005) Improving health care usin g Toyota lean production method. 3) Jane Marcean (1992) Reworking the world oganisations, technologies and cultures in competitive perspectives. 4) Harold Kerzer (2006) throw away management A system to planning, computer programming and controlling 5) purchasable at http//www. toyotauk. com/main/download/pdf/Our%20approach%20to%20quality. pdf accessed on 09-01-10 6) Available at http//www. entropy-international. com/about/customers/by-corporate/documents/Toyota-Case-Study. pdf accessed on 07-01-10 7) Available at http//www2. toyota. co. p/en/history/ accessed on 06-01-10 8) Available at http//www. iso. org/iso/iso_catalogue/management_standards/iso_9000_iso_14000. htm 9) Available at http//www. toyoland. com/history. html accessed on 07-01-10 10) Available at http//www. breakeryard. com/cars/history/TOYOTA. aspx accessed on 10-01-10 11) Available at http//www. toyotageorgetown. com/qualdex. asp accessed on 10-01-10 12) Available at http//www. toyotaegypt. com. eg/quality/index. asp accessed on 07-01-10 13) Available at http//www. strategosinc. com/just_in_time. htm accessed on 08-01-10 14) Available at http//www. toyoland. com/toyota/production-system. html accessed